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Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Introduction
- How to use the MIDAS Manual
  - New Users
  - Site Specific Features
- Support
- Other Relevant Documents
Computational Methods
- Basic Concepts
- Raw to Calibrated Data
- Image Manipulations
- Extraction of Information
  - Search Algorithms
  - Fitting of data
- Analysis of Results
CCD Reductions
- Introduction
- Nature of CCD Output
- General Overview of the package
- Setting, Saving, and Retrieving CCD Keywords
- Calibration Frames and Naming Convention
- Setting up the Reduction Procedure
- Basic Reduction Steps
- Preparing Your Calibration Frames
- Processing the Data
  - How the Data is Processed
  - Running REDUCE/CCD
    - Overscan correction and trimming
    - Bias, Dark and Flat Field Correction
- Additional Processing
- Mosaicing of Frames
- Miscellaneous
- Commands in the CCD package
Object Search and Classification
- General Information
- What Data Frames can be Used?
- Procedures to Follow
- Description of INVENTORY Keywords
- Formats of Tables
- Inventory Commands Summary
Crowded Field Photometry
- Introduction
- Theory
- Overview of ROMAFOT
- How to use ROMAFOT
- Command Syntax Summary
Bibliography
Long-Slit and 1D Spectra
- Introduction
- Photometric Corrections
- Geometric Correction
- Sky Subtraction
- Flux Calibration
  - Flux Calibration and Extinction Correction
  - Airmass Calculation
- Spectral Analysis
- Auxiliary Data
- Command Summary
- Parameters
- Example
Echelle Spectra
- Echelle Reduction Method
- Order Definition
- Removal of particle hits
- Background Definition
- Order Extraction
- Wavelength Calibration
- Flat Field Correction
- Instrument Response Correction
  - Using a Standard Star
  - Fitting the Blaze Function
- Order Merging
- Implementation
- Session Parameters
Bibliography
Inter-stellar/galactic Absorption Line Modelling
- Introduction
  - Principle of the Program
- Astrophysical Context
  - Basic Equations
    - Optical Depth
    - Broadening Function
  - Summary of the parameters handled by the user:
- Typical Run
- Auxiliary Data
- Dimensions of the Output Images
- References
- Example
- Acknowledgements
Test Data
- Introduction
- 2-Dimensional Images
  - Patterns
  - Backgrounds
- 1-Dimensional Images (``Spectra'')
- Noise
- Other Images
- Command Syntax Summary
Multivariate Analysis Methods
- Introduction
- Principal Components Analysis
- Cluster Analysis
- Discriminant Analysis
- Correspondence Analysis
- Related Table Commands
- References
- Command Syntax Summary
DAOPHOT II: The Next Generation
Time Series Analysis
- Introduction
- Basic principles of time series analysis
- Fourier analysis: The sine model
- MIDAS utilities for time series analysis
- Command summary
- Examples
  - Period analysis
  - Comparison of two stochastic processes
PEPSYS general photometry package
- Introduction
- Getting started
- Planning your observing run
- Getting the observations
- Reducing the observations
- Installation
  - Table files
  - Maximum limits
- A brief history of PEPSYS
- Acknowledgements
- Summary of PEPSYS commands
Bibliography
The Wavelet Transform
- Introduction
- The continuous wavelet transform
- Examples of Wavelets
  - Morlet's Wavelet
    - Mexican Hat
- The discrete wavelet transform
- Visualization of the Wavelet Transform
- Noise reduction from the wavelet transform
- Comparison using a multiresolution quality criterion
- Deconvolution
- The wavelet context in MIDAS
  - Introduction
  - Commands Description
Bibliography
The Data Organizer
- Introduction
- Overview of the Data Organizer
- The Observation Summary Table
- Classification of Images
- Association of images
- Command Syntax Summary
ASTROMET astrometry package
- Introduction
- Available Commands
- Command Overview
Command Summary Core Commands Application Commands Standard Reduction Commands ccdred ccdtest do echelle irac2 irspec long optopus pisco spec Contributed Commands astromet cloud daophot esolv geotest invent mva pepsys romafot surfphot tsa Procedure Control Commands Commands Grouped by Subject MIDAS System Control Help and Information Tape Input and Output Image Directory and Header Image Display Graphics Display Image Coordinates Coordinate Transformation of Images Image Arithmetic Filtering Image Creation and Extraction Transformations on Pixel Values Numerical Values of Image Pixels Spectral Analysis Least Squares Fitting Table File Operations
Detectors CCD Detectors Introduction Discussion Reduction Steps Removing Irrelevant Columns Bias Corrections Averaging and Merging Frames Cleaning Images Using the COMPUTE Command Examples and Hints The Simplest Case A Case with some Bad Columns CCD-Commands Summary
CES
Echelle Reduction Input Data Auxiliary Data Starting the MIDAS Session Reading the Data Display and graphic windows On-line help A few useful commands Preprocessing Bias correction Dark-current and particle hits correction Standard orientation Session Parameters The Reduction Session Reduction using Standard Stars Order Definition: Methods STD and COM Order definition: Method Hough Wavelength calibration Background Correction Flat Field correction Reduction without Standard Star Saving the Data on Tape Instrument Description: CASPEC Summary of reduction options XEchelle Graphical User Interface Initializing Keywords Short Help Sending Commands On-line HELP facility Entering File Names Dialog Windows Saving and Loading Session Parameters Performing Batch Reduction
PISCO Introduction Data Format Data Reduction
IRSPEC REDUCTION Introduction A typical reduction. Notes on specific commands
Reduction of Long Slit and 1D Spectra Introduction Purpose Retrieving demonstration and calibration data A Typical Session: Cook-book Getting Started Set the context Initializing keywords Reading the Data Pre-processing the spectra Getting the Dispersion Solution Line Detection in the Comparison Spectrum Line Identification Determination of the Dispersion Coefficients Possible Graphical Verifications Refining the Dispersion Relation Resampling in Wavelength Resampling with the Row-by-Row Solution Resampling with the Bivariate Solution Not Resampling the Data Estimating the Sky Background Extracting the Spectrum Flux Calibration End of the Session XLong Graphical User Interfaces Initializing Keywords Short Help Sending Commands On line HELP facility Entering File Names Dialog Windows Getting Started Saving and Loading Session Parameters Detecting lines in the comparison (arc) spectrum Identify the lines in one of the rows of the spectrum Wavelength calibration Rebin to wavelength scale Extract Flux Calibration Performing Batch Reduction
Optopus Introduction Using the Optopus Package Starting up The Optopus session Closing down OPTOPUS Commands and Parameters Optopus commands Session parameters
File Formats Required for Photometry Introduction Stars Observatory data Telescope obstruction data Instrumental data Observational data Star tables Required stellar data Object name Right Ascension Declination Equinox Optional stellar data Proper motions Spectral types Rough magnitudes Comment column Standard values Moving objects UT date -- column label: DATE MJD -- column label: MJD_OBS Permanent telescope parameters Column label: TELESCOP Column label: DIAM Column label: LON Column label: LAT Column label: HEIGHT Column label: TUBETYPE Column label: TUBEDIAM Column label: TUBELEN Column label: DOMETYPE Column label: DOMEDIAM Column label: SLITWID Horizon obstructions Getting the data Descriptor for the ``horizon'' table MOUNTING='FORK' Column label: DEC Column label: OBSE Column label: MOONE Column label: OBSW Column label: MOONW MOUNTING='GERMAN' Column label: DEC Column label: TEOBSE Column label: TEMOONE Column label: TEOBSW Column label: TEMOONW Column label: TWOBSE Column label: TWMOONE Column label: TWOBSW Column label: TWMOONW Special remarks on German mountings MOUNTING='ALTAZ' Column label: AZI Column label: OBSALT Column label: MOONALT Instrument configuration and run-specific information Storage format General instrumental information Passbands Columns BAND and NBAND Column FILTCODE_n Column NDVALUE Column NDETUSED Columns REDLEAK, RLTYPE, and MAKER Instrument descriptors Filter descriptors Descriptor NFILTCAR Character descriptor FILTCAT Character descriptor FILTSTAT Detectors Columns NDET and DETNAME Column DETCODE Column DET Photomultipliers: DET=PMT Column COOLING Silicon photodiodes and CCDs: DET=SILICON Other detectors: DET=OTHER Telescope optics Sample instrument files A simple photometer A modern single-channel photometer A modern two-channel photometer CCD photometry Observational data Required observational data What was the measurement? What was measured? Bandpass and detector identification Timing information Comment field Additional information Temperature and humidity data Pressure Measuring aperture PMT Voltage Gain steps Geneva parameters Seeing Error estimates
Bibliography
IRAC2 Online and Off-line Reductions Introduction Online Reduction The OST table Online Commands Off-line Reduction Bad Pixel Detection and Removal Construction of Flat Fields Standard construction Alternative construction Sky Subtraction Flat Fielding Combining Images Mosaicing Further Off-line Analysis Commands in the IRAC2 package
Testing CCD Performance Introduction Test Commands TESTBA/CCD TESTFA/CCD TESTTA/CCD TESTD/CCD TESTS/CCD TESTC/CCD Commands in the CCD test package
Multi-Object Spectroscopy Introduction Location of slitlets and flat-field correction Wavelength Calibration Detection of Arc lines Offsets between slitlets Fitting the dispersion curve Definition of objects and sky subtraction Extraction of objects Data Structures MOS Cookbook - A typical session Starting the whole thing Locating slitlets and flat-field correction Wavelength calibration Line search and interactive identification Offsets between slitlets Wavelength calibration Rebinning Object definition and sky subtraction Object extraction
FEROS Introduction Brief description of FEROS Requirement for the FEROS DRS Order definition Background subtraction Order extraction Flat-fielding Wavelength calibration Rebinning Order merging Description of FEROS keywords Using the FEROS software on-line at the telescope Initialization of the DRS at the beginning of the night On-line reduction options during the night
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Petra Nass 1999-06-15